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Tuesday, May 20, 2025

14,000 years ago, the most powerful solar storm ever recorded hit Earth. 'This event establishes a new worst-case scenario'

NASA names geomagnetic storm for 1st time | Most powerful solar storm hit Earth 14,000 years ago | Mysterious white streak spotted over US skies

Created for znamenski.spacecom@blogger.com | Web Version

May 20, 2025

CONNECT WITH SPACE.COM

Something amazing every day.

The Launchpad

(Lorena Sopena/Europa Press via Getty Images)

NASA names geomagnetic storm for 1st time

The powerful geomagnetic storm that sparked beautiful auroras across the world in May of 2024 was the first to receive a name - and its namesake is a space weather scientist who NASA scientists say was a champion in the field, and who passed away suddenly that same year.

(Mark Garlick/Science Photo Library/Getty Images)

Most powerful solar storm hit Earth 14,000 years ago

An extreme solar storm hit Earth some 14,300 years ago, more powerful than any other such event known in human history, a new analysis of radiocarbon data has revealed. The solar storm, the only known to have taken place in the last Ice Age, long eluded scientists as they lacked appropriate models for interpreting radiocarbon data from glacial climate conditions. But a new study by a team from the Oulu University in Finland has taken a stab at the measurement interpretation with eye-opening results. Using a novel chemistry-climate model, the team found that the marked spike in the carbon-14 isotope detected in fossilized tree rings was caused by a solar storm more than 500 times as powerful as the 2003 Halloween Solar Storm, which was the most intense in modern history.

Skywatching

(Mike Lewinski (Flickr))

Mysterious white streak spotted over US skies

The night sky offered lucky skywatchers an unexpected double feature on May 17 -- a surprise geomagnetic storm and a mysterious white plume slicing through the auroras. The moderate (G2 class) geomagnetic storm came as quite a surprise, kicking off early Friday (May 16) after Earth caught the glancing blow of a coronal mass ejection (CME). The CME was launched during a colossal filament eruption on May 12 from the sun's northern hemisphere. Initially expected to miss Earth, the "bird-wing" ejecta was wider than predicted, with some of the material striking Earth 4 days after it left the sun. But the real head-turner came when a streak of bright white light lit up the sky over Colorado and other parts of the U.S. At first glance, you could be mistaken for thinking it was a strange version of STEVE -- a rare atmospheric phenomenon that can accompany the northern lights. But skywatchers quickly realized it was something entirely different.

Spaceflight

(VCG/VCG via Getty Images)

China's private Ceres-1 rocket launches from a ship at sea

The Chinese company Galactic Energy launched its solid-propellant rocket this morning (May 19) from a ship at sea. The Ceres-1 rocket launched today from the waters off the east coast of China's Shandong Province. The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center coordinated the launch, which sent four Tianqi satellites into low Earth orbit (LEO). Liftoff occurred at 3:38 a.m. EDT (0738 GMT; 3:38 p.m. local Beijing time). This was the fifth launch of Ceres-1 from a sea-based platform. The four Tianqi satellites join a constellation of Internet of Things (IoT) data-connectivity spacecraft operated by the Beijing-based company Guodian Gaoke.

Science & Astronomy

(NASA/JPL-Caltech/UA/Lockheed Martin)

Not-so-clean rooms: Microbe species found in NASA facility

Life, as they say, finds a way -- even in the most sterile places on Earth. Scientists from NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Southern California, along with researchers in India and Saudi Arabia, have discovered 26 previously unknown bacterial species in the clean rooms that were used to prep NASA's Phoenix Mars lander for its August 2007 launch. Clean rooms are decontaminated and intensely controlled environments specifically designed to prevent microbial life from hitching a ride into space. But some microorganisms, known as extremophiles, show impressive resilience in inhospitable environments, whether that's the vacuum of space, hydrothermal vents on the slopes of undersea volcanoes, or even NASA clean rooms.

SpaceX

(SpaceX)

Starship gets updated FAA launch license ahead of Flight 9

SpaceX still has some boxes to tick before it can launch the ninth test flight of its Starship megarocket. Friday (May 15), the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) announced that it has approved license modifications ahead of Starship Flight 9, which will lift off from SpaceX's Starbase site in South Texas. That license officially grants SpaceX's request to boost the number of Starship launches from Starbase per year by a factor of five, to 25 -- something that the agency greenlit earlier this month in an environmental assessment.

Search for Life

(NASA)

Dark streaks on Mars may not come from water after all

First identified in the 1970s by NASA's Viking mission, long, dark markings snake down Martian slopes, sometimes stretching across Mars' surface for hundreds of feet. Scientists have watched some of these markings exist for decades, while others, known as "recurring slope lineae," appear to fade in a single season. Nonetheless, they all starkly stand out against the planet's dusty red surface.

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Seminars Digest, Vol 75, Issue 3

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Today's Topics:

1. Friday 23.05.2025 (info+seminars@itp.ac.ru)
2. Thursday 22.05.2025 - ITP/CAS Colloquium (info+seminars@itp.ac.ru)

----------------------------------------------------------------------

Message: 1
Date: Tue, 20 May 2025 10:02:01 +0300
From: info+seminars@itp.ac.ru
To: staff@itp.ac.ru, students@itp.ac.ru, seminars@itp.ac.ru
Subject: [Landau ITP Seminars] Friday 23.05.2025
Message-ID: <xcdYmSgA8q7OSutYr913IkSY6i7h2y65Y5fhw1k8Uko@wwwserv2>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Уважаемые коллеги!

На заседании Ученого совета ИТФ в пятницу 23.05 в 11:30 будет заслушан 1 доклад:
1). Харинцев С. С. (Институт физики, Казанский федеральный университет)
Нелокальная фотоника разупорядоченных сред

Нелокальная фотоника – это новое научное направление, которое изучает взаимодействие света со средами, обладающими сильной пространственной дисперсией. Учет пространственной дисперсии (или пространственной нелокальности) приводит к существенно новым физическим принципам взаимодействия света и вещества. В частности, в нелокальных средах возникают непрямые оптические переходы, обусловленные пространственным синхронизмом электронов и фотонов, локализованных вблизи структурных неоднородностей. В основе данного явления лежит увеличение импульса фотонов при их пространственной локализации.

Примером нелокальных сред являются двойные системы «кристалл-жидкость», структура которых обладает дальним порядком и локальным беспорядком. К таким системам относятся галоидные перовскиты, жидкие кристаллы, коллоидные системы, высокоэнтропийные кристаллы, полимеры, вода, мицеллы, белки и т.д. [1, 2].

В докладе будут рассмотрены такие полупроводники как кремний [3] и металл-галоидные перовскиты [4], в которых наблюдается широкополосное неупругое рассеяния света, известного как электронное комбинационное рассеяние света [1-3]. Будет показано, что электронное рассеяние света вызывает аномальное увеличение показателя преломления гетерогенных сред и приводит к их оптическому нагреву. В лекции будут рассмотрены некоторые приложения в области оптоэлектроники, фотовольтаики и биомедицины.

[1] S. S. Kharintsev, E. I. Battalova, V. Mkhitaryan, V. M. Shalaev. How near-field photon momentum drives unusual optical phenomena: opinion // Optical Materials Express, 2024. – V. 14. – P. 2017-2022.

[2] S. S. Kharintsev, E. I. Battalova, A. I. Noskov, J. Merham, E. O. Potma, D. A. Fishman. Photon-Momentum-Enabled Electronic Raman Scattering in Silicon Glass // ACS Nano 2024, – V. 18. – P. 9557–9565

[3] S. S. Kharintsev, A. I. Noskov, E. I. Battalova, L. Katrivas, A. B. Kotlyar, J. G. Merham, E. O. Potma, V. A. Apkarian, D. A. Fishman. Photon Momentum Enabled Light Absorption in Silicon // ACS Nano 2024, – V. 18. – P. 26532–26540

[4] S. S. Kharintsev, E. I. Battalova, I. A. Matchenya, A. G. Nasibulin, A. A. Marunchenko, A. P. Pushkarev. Extreme Electron-Photon Interaction in Disordered Perovskites // Adv. Sci. 2024, – V. 11. – P. 2405709.

ID и пароль онлайн-трансляций в Zoom те же, что и для предыдущих трансляций семинаров и докладов на Ученом совете:
https://zoom.us/j/96899364518?pwd=MzBsR2lYT0lYL2x2b1oyNU9LeWlWUT09
Meeting ID: 968 9936 4518
Пароль: 250319

При числе желающих не менее 5 будет организован автобус.
Для записи на автобус из Москвы в Черноголовку необходимо до 18:00 четверга отправить письмо на адрес электронной почты bus@itp.ac.ru
После этого записавшимся до 20:00 поступит подтверждение об отправке или неотправке автобуса в зависимости от числа записавшихся.
Запись на обратный автобус - на Ученом совете.

------------------------------

Message: 2
Date: Tue, 20 May 2025 10:02:02 +0300
From: info+seminars@itp.ac.ru
To: staff@itp.ac.ru, students@itp.ac.ru, seminars@itp.ac.ru
Subject: [Landau ITP Seminars] Thursday 22.05.2025 - ITP/CAS
Colloquium
Message-ID: <QCE8hEWD97hSiP94pn2AfTLTutKYy8p4jCCbfM@wwwserv2>
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8

Уважаемые коллеги!

На онлайн коллоквиум по теоретической физике в четверг 22.05 будут заслушаны 2 доклада:

1) 10:00:00 по московскому времени: Yakov Fominov (L.D. Landau Institute of Theoretical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences)
Superconducting Diode Effect

In this talk, I will discuss the rapidly developing field of nonreciprocal effects in superconducting transport, also known as the superconducting diode effect. The essence of this phenomenon lies in the asymmetry of a system's properties when a supercurrent flows in opposite directions. Such an effect requires the simultaneous breaking of time-reversal and inversion symmetries. The underlying physical mechanisms can vary significantly, including effects of magnetic (and, more specifically, exchange) fields, spin-orbit interactions, and geometric asymmetry of the system. These effects can lead to nonreciprocal charge transport both in systems homogeneous along the current direction and in Josephson junctions.

BIOGRAPHY

Prof. Yakov Fominov holds two PhDs in Theoretical Physics — one from the Kapitza Institute (Russia, 2003) and another from the University of Twente (Netherlands, 2003) — as well as a Doctor of Physics and Mathematics degree from the Landau Institute (2019). Since 2005, he has been a permanent member of the Landau Institute, where he currently serves as Deputy Director. Since 2023, he has also headed the Chair for Problems in Theoretical Physics (Gor'kov Theory Group) at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology. His research focuses on the superconducting proximity effect in hybrid structures (including normal and ferromagnetic metals), the Josephson effect in mesoscopic junctions, odd-frequency superconductivity, and superconducting spin valves.

2) 11:00:00 по московскому времени: Jiang-Ping Hu (Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences)
Time Reversal Symmetry Breaking in Kagome Lattices

In this talk, I will discuss quantum states in Kagome lattices with the time reversal symmetry breaking. Both theory and recent experimental progress will be reviewed. A brief review of this type of states will be given for cuprates and Kagome lattice superconductors. We will discuss a specific model to show the existence of loop current states which break the time reversal symmetry as ground states. In particular, we will address the superconducting diode effect can be used to probe such quantum states.

BIOGRAPHY

Prof. Jiang-Ping Hu is currently a researcher and the Deputy Director of the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He received his BS from Peking University in 1994, MS from the Institute of Theoretical Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1997 and PhD from Stanford University in 2002. His main research interests are theoretical condensed matter physics. He has made seminal contributions to topological physics, high-temperature superconductivity, and strongly correlated electron theory, with more than 280 publications and an H-index of 85. He was selected to be a Fellow of the American Physical Society in 2018, and was awarded the Zhou Peiyuan Prize for Physics in 2019, a New Stone Researcher in 2023.

Zoom meeting ID: 890 7187 2369
Пароль: 544845

------------------------------

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End of Seminars Digest, Vol 75, Issue 3
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Monday, May 19, 2025

This Week In Space podcast: Episode 161 — The TWiS Comedy Hour!

Trump's NASA budget will make it harder to track asteroids | This Week In Space: Episode 161 - The TWiS Comedy Hour! | Astrophotographer catches cosmic sunflower in bloom

Created for znamenski.spacecom@blogger.com | Web Version

May 19, 2025

CONNECT WITH SPACE.COM

Something amazing every day.

The Launchpad

(NASA/JPL-Caltech)

Trump's NASA budget will make it harder to track asteroids

On Thursday (May 15), the U.S. House Committee on Space, Science and Technology convened with scientists to discuss a rather exciting topic: What can NASA do if we identify a dangerous asteroid on a collision course with Earth? It was an especially prudent subject given all the recent fuss about asteroid 2024 YR4, which had a notable chance of hitting our planet before scientists refined its position and deemed it harmless.

(TWiS)

This Week In Space: Episode 161 - The TWiS Comedy Hour!

On Episode 161 of This Week In Space, Rod Pyle and Tariq Malik catch up on headlines ... and space dad jokes! We're going to update you on the ever-slimming NASA budget, the latest news on the Voyager spacecraft, what's up with the SLS, Orion capsule, and Artemis programs? SpaceX's 9th Starship test flight, AliBaba in orbit, and the end of the universe. And more space jokes than ever for you to choke on.

Skywatching

Astrophotographer catches cosmic sunflower in bloom

Astrophotographer Ronald Brecher captured a gorgeous view of the 'Sunflower Galaxy' (Messier 63) from his backyard observatory near the city of Guelph in southwestern Ontario, Canada.

Spaceflight

(ISRO)

Indian rocket launch fails, Earth-observation satellite lost

ISRO officials reported the same statement on social media, referring to the rocket as PSLV-C61. "PSLV-C61 performance was normal till 2nd stage. Due to an observation in 3rd stage, the mission could not be accomplished," ISRO stated on X.

Technology

(Venus Aerospace)

Venus Aerospace debuts rotating detonation rocket engine

Houston-based startup Venus Aerospace has completed the first-ever test flight of a rotating detonation rocket engine (RDRE) in the United States. The launch took place on Wednesday (May 14) from Spaceport America in New Mexico. A small rocket equipped with Venus' RDRE lifted off at 9:37 a.m. EDT (1337 GMT; 7:37 a.m. local time in New Mexico). The milestone marked the first successful test of such an engine from U.S. soil and took Venus a "step closer to making high-speed flight accessible, affordable and sustainable," the company said in a statement.

Entertainment

(Netflix)

Every episode of 'Love, Death + Robots' Volume 4, ranked

Netflix's acclaimed animated anthology, "Love, Death + Robots" returned May 15, 2015, with another twisted season showcasing a banquet of bold shorts spawned from the worlds of sci-fi, fantasy, and horror. It's another eclectic assortment spanning the entire emotional spectrum, injected with that signature brand of spirited cutting-edge animation and produced by some of the finest minds and artistic talent on the planet.